International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases

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VOLUME 5 , ISSUE 1 ( January-April, 2016 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins

Isaac Ramos, Gustavo Guerra, Vitor Buchmuller de Oliveira, Ivan Ferreira

Citation Information : Ramos I, Guerra G, Oliveira VB, Ferreira I. Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016; 5 (1):35-39.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1119

Published Online: 01-06-2011

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2016; The Author(s).


Abstract

Purpose

To report clinical keratoconus in only one eye of two identical female twins, along with subclinical disease in the fellow eyes, elaborating on the two-hit hypothesis of ectasia development, which relates to the combination of genetics and the impact of environment.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

Two identical 48-year-old female twins were presented for clinical evaluation. Mild keratoconus was detected in the right eye of twin 1, characterized by classic slit-lamp findings (exacerbated corneal nerves and incomplete Fleisher's ring) and front surface curvature abnormalities, including asymmetry of the inferior–superior curvature at 6 mm (I–S value) of 2.78 D and a grade 1 Topographic Keratoconus Classification pattern. Topographic Keratoconus Classification was possible in the fellow eye of twin 1 (I–S value = 1.22 D) and negative in both eyes of twin 2 (I–S value = −0.46 OD and −0.13 OS). Ambrósio's Relational Thickness for the maximal progression meridian was 209 and 354 in twin 1 and 360 and 392 in twin 2 in the right and left eyes respectively. The final deviation value of the Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display was 4.54 and 1.47 in twin 1 and 1.7 and 1.35 in twin 2.

Conclusion

Corneal tomography data provide a better representation of corneal genotype in detecting mild, subclinical, or forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eyes with normal topography of these twins. These cases present high risk or susceptibility for ectasia progression if environmental factors are associated (second hit).

How to cite this article

Guerra G, de Oliveira VB, Ferreira I, Ramos I, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):35-39.


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